Inductance (L):
L = μ₀ × N² × A / l
where:
μ₀ = 4π × 10⁻⁷ H/m
N = number of turns
A = cross-sectional area (W × H)
l = coil length

Wire Length:
L_wire = Σ(perimeter × turns_per_layer)
perimeter = 2(W + H) for each layer
Accounts for increasing size per layer

DC Resistance (DCR):
R = ρ × L_wire / A_wire
where:
ρ = 1.724 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m (copper)
L_wire = total wire length
A_wire = wire cross-section area

Layer Calculations:
turns_per_layer = ⌊l / pitch⌋
layers = ⌈N / turns_per_layer⌉
pitch = wire_diameter × 1.1
(includes enamel insulation)